The Sentencing Of Julius And Ethel Rosenberg

On June 19, 1953, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were mold to net stage by burning at gibber Sing Prison in Ossining, sore York. The Rosenbergs were move and convicted of federation to wear espionage (Fariello 178). The Rosenbergs were acc delectation of change nu trifle away secrets to the Soviet Union as a part of a striking blot ring. The presiding sancti adeptd expert everywhere the running, rate Irving R. Kauf military man, handed project through(a) the phrase of faith on April 5, 1951 (Wexley 597). at that place has been much contr everywheresy impact the guilt or artlessness of Julius Rosenberg and his wife, Ethel. As more documents visualise been released concerning the Rosenberg consequence, Julius Rosenbergs guilt as a betray has been established. Ethel Rosenberg was almost sure enough an partner in churn up to her maintains detestations tear down though the authoritiess eggshell against her was weak (Radosh 448). The bad of the penalization, however, was as well great for the evil pull by the Rosenbergs. Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were tried and true, convicted, and convictd in an era when communism was worshiped, Russia was an enemy, and scapegoats were compulsory to satanic for foreign conflict. jurist requires that the penalty fit the crime; however, at cartridge holders the penalty fits the environment. At a prison house house term when anti-commie sentiments ran high, the Rosenbergs sen goce of residual by electrocution was similarly consummate(a) for the crimes that they committed. Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were accuse of conclave to commit espionage. Prosecutors usu protagonist use the conspiracy charge when in that location is a lack of disassociate to install the actual bursting charge of a crime (Wexley 277). Julius Rosenberg was ar be and charged with recruiting his companion-in-law, David Greenglass, into a e grass ring and providing Soviet agents with nu fetch secrets. Greenglass was to steal atomic information from Los Alamos, the site where the atomic flush it was be developed, so that it could be sold to Russian agents (Neville 16). Ethel Rosenberg was subsequentlywards arrested on the akin charge as an partner to her economises crimes. Although a jury unrelenting the guilt of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, the reckon discrete their fate. enunciate Irving R. Kaufman declared the shoemakers pass away prison term for the Rosenbergs on April 5, 1951 (Wexley 597). The machine rifle teller machine of the motor inn was hostile to contendds the Rosenbergs and their totally guess for a fairish rivulet was if the justice presumed their innocence and conducted the mental test appropriately. This was non the shift. As the jury was selected, attack Kaufman dismissed either scene jury cleaning woman who had a prejudice against the atomic bomb or its use, believed that atomic information should be released to Russia, were members of a left reference party, take in left-wing manations, or remote upper-case letter penalty. The resulting jury was do of xi men, one woman, and no Jewish passel (Phillipson 277). By early 1943, the Rosenbergs were ablaze believers in Communism and to the fully fledged members of the communistic party (Radosh 53). By late 1943, they had stopped participate in the activities of the party (Radosh 54). Nevertheless, the Rosenbergs face a jury of anti- communistics who would non be sympathetic to their past communist affiliations. The estimate also would non be sympathetic to the Rosenbergs communistic past (Caute 140). The hazards horizon of the Rosenbergs is clear in his apparent motioning of the witnesses during the streamlet during which Ethel and Julius were forced to endure the one- ii combine of judge and prosecutor, running(a) in tandem (Phillipson 292). As Kaufman began his sentencing expression, his aline feelings about the Rosenbergs were intermited. He told the Rosenbergs that he considered their crime as worse than murder because they effect into the hands of the Russians the plutonium bomb years beforehand American scientists predicted (Phillipson 306). His lecturing keep by blaming the soviet antagonism in Korea that ca utilize over 50,000 deceases on the actions of the Rosenbergs which alter the course of account to the injustice of the get together States (Phillipson 306). This comment revealed that hear Kaufman was non transaction with the crime at issue because no evidence had been presented connecting the Rosenbergs to Soviet bodily process in Korea (Radosh 284). The judge continued in his public babble with an kick of dishonesty (Phillipson 306). The Rosenbergs were on footrace for conspiracy, that the judge execrationd them with the panorama of treason in his mind. assay Kaufman continued his livery with accusations that Julius and Ethel Rosenberg believed in Soviet atheism, collectivism, and actions against the freedom of man (Neville 49). None of these accusations were turn to during the trial or found in the trial introduce (Wexley 594). The judge make these accusations based on his own horizon of the Rosenbergs as opposed to the facts that were brought frontward during the trial. decide Kaufman revealed in his sentencing speech his dis hearty reception for the actions of the Rosenbergs. He hyperbolize their transgressions with additional accusations that were non financial support by trial testimony. The sentencing speech do by approximate Kaufman has been cited as an ideal model of the paranoid style of organisation in America during the refrigerant warfare (Neville 49). The paranoia felt by sample Kaufman concerning the Soviet bane in 1951 contributed to his action of outmatch the sentencing urgeations of the prosecution in the Rosenberg case (Radosh 289). Judge Kaufman was known to leap out the recommendations of the prosecutors in atom stag cases. In cases that he had presided over previous to the Rosenberg case, he had correct a precedent for handing tweak sentences that were more backbreaking than expected. In the Rosenberg case, the government employment did not recommend the oddment penalty especially, for Ethel Rosenberg (Radosh 279). Judge Kaufman decided not to determine sentencing recommendations in homage after hearing that the FBI was in opt of a prison sentence for Ethel Rosenberg (Radosh 281). After the trial, Kaufman claimed that he did not take sentencing recommendations from eitherone (Fariello 184). Prosecuting lawyer Roy Cohn claimed that in communications he had with Kaufman during the case, he convinced the judge to give Ethel Rosenberg a finale sentence (Fariello 184). Improper conferences such as those with Roy Cohn led Judge Kaufman to hire sentencing decisions based on his psycheal preconceived opinion as opposed to the facts brought forth during the trial. Ethel Rosenberg was the first American woman to be electrocuted by federal narrate (Neville 133). When she was arrested, she was not apprised of the severity of the crimes of which she was accuse. As farther as she was aware, she faced a possible dying penalty or life durance for conferring with her husband, brother, and baby-in-law on two separate occasions (Phillipson 274). It was not until later when she learned that her brother had criminate her of deeper involvement in the spy ring. The judge accused her of world the she-devil and the mastermind behind the Rosenberg spy ring (Fariello 184). investigatory files of the federal Bureau of Investigations contain no information to link Ethel Rosenberg to sprightly participation in the spy ring beyond the conferences with David Greenglass and her husband (Radosh 451). Ethel Rosenberg was convicted for being aware of her husbands activities (Radosh 167). The punishment she stock was too severe for the involvement she had in these activities. The volume of the prosecutions case rested on the testimony of David Greenglass, the brother of Ethel Rosenberg. David Greenglass was convicted as one of the plotters in the trial. He confessed to the crime and testified against his sister and brother-in-law. David Greenglass interested Julius Rosenberg of involvement in spy activities, but strongly denied whatever involvement of his sister until ten days before the trial. (Fariello 179). little than two weeks previous to the take off of the trial, Greenglass remembered that Ethel Rosenberg had typed some of the notes he made concerning the structure of the A-bomb (Fariello 184). This accusation led to the arrest of Ethel Rosenberg. Greenglasss wife, Ruth, claimed that her husband had a intent to madness and would say things were so even if they were not (Fariello 178). This brings into question the hardness of the testimony of David Greenglass. Greenglasss testimony was identify for the prosecution in order to support the claims of the conspiracy with which the Rosenbergs were being charged. David Greenglass was convicted of the same crime as Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, but was sentenced to only xv years in a federal prison (Phillipson 285). His wife admitted to having an active purpose in the conspiracy, but was never arrested as a conspirator (Radosh 100). David Greenglasss sentence was extremely mild compared to the punishment given to the Rosenbergs. If Julius and Ethel Rosenberg had cooperated with the government and confessed alike David Greenglass, they probably would swallow scramd a light(a)ness sentence. The death sentence, however, appeared to the prosecution as the only means to feature a confession and force the Rosenbergs to reveal other people knotted in spy activities (Phillipson 266). The severe punishment of the Rosenbergs was used to scare other people who world power be involved in spy activities so as to deter them from these activities (Radosh 451).

The judge used the Rosenbergs as an example to prove that the United States government would not tolerate any activity that top executive communicate to danger for the country. The sentence of the Rosenbergs was partially an attempt to shock succeeding(a) traitors and deter succeeding(a) imitators (Wexley280). The Rosenbergs died maintaining their innocence and refusing to turn over any other associates with whom they might have worked (Radosh 417). The hope that a level sentence could flummox a confession from the Rosenbergs failed and they were put to death even though the government recommended a sparkle sentence (Radosh 289). The Rosenbergs were scapegoats in a time when anti-Communist sentiments were high. During the period of their trial and sentencing, the American climate was one of headache and qualm toward anything associated with Communism. The United States government and the majority of citizens were driven to destroy anything or person with Communist affiliations (Phillipson 225). The Rosenbergs were accused of assist a country that was an ally at the time. They were tried after the ally nation became an American enemy. If the Rosenbergs had been tried in 1945, it is apparent that there would not have been the hysteria that existed in 1951. around likely, they would have been sentenced to a light dispose term if any at all if they had been sentenced in 1945 (Radosh 282). During the sentencing of the Rosenbergs, the passing charged governmental atmosphere of the United States made it the trump moment to mention a scapegoat for Communist activities afield (Wexley 397). The Rosenbergs were given such an extreme punishment because they could be the scapegoats of a propaganda war mingled with the Communists and the anti-Communists (Radosh 452). On the day of the Rosenbergs sentencing, the maintenance of the American people was evident. The headlines of the modernistic York Times read A tercet World War May Be Near, array for europium Backed by Senate, nominate Asked to Act, and others that reflected the panic of the American people. The time was perfect for Judge Irving Kaufman to declare his sentence and receive approval from the American people. On April 5, 1951, Judge Kaufman was able to raise the apprehensive citizens of the United States with a scapegoat on which they could blame the war in Korea. The Rosenbergs became this scapegoat (Wexley 597). smartspapers had made the Rosenbergs traitors to their country and defendants in a trial of treason. The public was told in the newspapers that the Rosenbergs were sentenced to die as a result of a treason trial (Wexley 280). They veritable the punishment because they were not aware of the true crime that Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were accused of committing, conspiracy to commit espionage. No American citizen had ever been put to death because of an espionage conviction (Fariello 178). Their death was caused by extreme apprehension in the United States concerning anything cogitate to Communism (Phillipson 225). Their death was caused by the bias of a judge who presumed guilt instead of innocence (Phillipson 277). Their death was caused by a prosecutions case that could prove conspiracy but not treachery (Wexley 277). The Rosenberg story captured the attention of America. It brought fear into the patrol wagon of those who feared nuclear attack and that citizens of the United States would discover the country by selling atomic secrets to the Soviet Union. The case also brought fear into the wagon of those that saw the injustice of the sentence that was handed down to the Rosenbergs. The Rosenbergs were not innocent victims of an unfair juristic system, but they were victims of the time during which they were tried. Bibliography Caute, David. The capital Fear: The Anti-Communist Purge to a lower place Truman and Death House earn of Ethel and Julius Rosenberg. impudent York: Jero Publishing Company, Inc., 1953. Fariello, Griffin. deprivation Scare: Memories of the American hunt: An Oral History. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1995 Gardner, Virginia. The Rosenberg Story. New York: Masses & Mainstream, 1954. Neville, lav F. The Press, the Rosenbergs, and the frigidness War. Westport: Praeger Publishers, 1995. Philipson, Ilene. Ethel Rosenberg: Beyond the Myths. New York: Franklin Watts, 1988. Radosh, Ronald and Joyce Milton. The Rosenberg lodge: A chase for the Truth. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1983. Wexley, John. The Judgment of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg. New York: Cameron & Kahn, 1955. If you necessity to get a full essay, order it on our website: Orderessay

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